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What's in YOUR Bag?? Kelly File's Artifact Bag

The Canadian Flag



The Canadian red and white maple leaf flag is officially called The National Flag of Canada. The Canadian flag shows a stylized red maple leaf with 11 points on a white background, with red borders down each side. The Canadian flag is twice as long as it is wide. The white square containing the red maple leaf is the same width as the flag. The red and white used in the National Flag of Canada were proclaimed the official colors of Canada in 1921 by King George V. Although the maple leaf did not have official status as an emblem of Canada until the proclamation of the national flag in 1965, it had historically been used as a Canadian symbol, and was used in 1860 in decorations for the visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada. The 11 points on the maple leaf have no special significance. The Canadian Seal



The Canadian Arms

 Crown  The coat of arms are surmounted by a rendition of St. Edward's Crown, which has been used in the coronations of Canada's monarchs. This element represents Canada's status as a constitutional monarchy headed by a sovereign king or queen. This style of crown is that preferred by Queen Elizabeth II, and was modernized in 1957 from the 1921 design, which used the Tudor crown.



Crest

The crest is based on the Royal Crest of the United Kingdom but differenced by the addition of a maple leaf, and symbolizes the sovereignty of Canada. It appears on the flag of the Governor-General, symbolizing that the Governor General is a representative of the Sovereign. The crest consists of a crowned gold lion standing on a twisted wreath of red and white silk and holding a maple leaf in its right paw.



Helm  The arms show a royal helmet, which is a barred helm of gold looking outward, with mantling of white and red, stylized in the official version to look like maple leaves.



Shield

The shield is divided into five sections. The first division at the viewer's top left contains the three golden lions that have been a symbol of England since at least the reign of King Richard I. The second quarter bears the red lion rampant of Scotland in a double treasure border with fleurs-de-lis, used as a symbol of Scotland since at least the reign of William I. The third quarter shows the Irish harp of Tara. The gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France, the first post- medieval European emblem raised in Canada by Jacques Cartier , during his landing at Gaspé, fill the fourth quarter.

The fifth charge, a sprig of red maple leaves at the bottom, is a distinctly Canadian symbol that became gradually identified with the country throughout the 19th century. They were first proposed as a symbol in 1834, were established in 1868 on the arms of Quebec and Ontario and officially became the national emblem in 1965, with the proclamation of the Flag of Canada. Initially, the leaves were depicted as colored green on the coat of arms because it was thought to represent youth, as opposed to the red color of dying leaves in autumn. However, they are blazoned as "proper," so could be shown as either red or green, and it is the blazon, rather than any depiction, which is regarded as authoritative. The leaves were later redrawn in official depictions in 1957 with the current color to be in line with the official colors of Canada. The shield forms the basis of the royal standard of Canada.

Ribbon  The ribbon is marked //desiderates meliorem patriam//, meaning "desiring a better country," which is the motto of the Order of Canada. This component was added by the Queen in 1987 on the advice of her Prime Minister. With the partition of oversight of arms to Canada through the Canadian Heraldic Authority the following year, the constitution of the Order of Canada was amended to include entitlement by all recipients to encircle their own arms with the ribbon, if arms are granted to them. Since 1994 the arms used by government ministers and institutions have slowly changed to reflect the new version with the ribbon.



Motto  The motto of Canada is in Latin //a mari usque ad mare// (From sea to sea), a part of Psalm 72:8. This phrase was suggested by Joseph Pope, then-Under Secretary of State, when the Arms were redesigned in 1921. The motto was originally used in 1906 on the head of the mace of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. In March 2006, the premiers of Canada's three territories called for the amendment of the motto to better reflect the vast geographic nature of Canada's territory, as Canada has coastlines on the Arctic, Atlantic , and Pacific Oceans. Two suggestions for a new motto are //A mari ad mare ad mare// (from sea to sea to sea) and //A mari usque ad maria// (from the sea to the other seas).

Supporters

Supporting the shield on either side are the English lion and Scottish unicorn, which are also the supporters of the UK coat of arms. The English lion stands on the viewer's left and holds a gold-pointed silver lance flying the Union Flag. The Scottish unicorn has a gold horn, a gold mane, gold hooves, and around its neck a gold, chained coronet of crosses and fleurs-de-lis; it holds a lance flying the three gold fleurs-de-lis of royal France on a blue background. Unlike the British version, the lion is not crowned, nor is it facing the viewer. The broken chain on the unicorn symbolizes the unicorn's resistance to oppression. Compartment

The entire coat of arms rests on the compartment, which is made up of the floral emblems of the founding countries whose royal arms were incorporated into the design of the shield. The Tudor rose is the floral badge of England (and Wales), combining the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. The thistle and shamrock are the symbols of Scotland and Ireland, respectively, while the fleur-de-lis has been the royal symbol of France since the 12th century. 

Canadian Stamps

​ The **Canadian dollar** ( sign : ** $ **; code : **CAD**) is the currency of Canada. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign **$**, or **C$** to distinguish it from other dollar -denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents. As of 2007, the Canadian dollar was the 7th most traded currency in the world. The Canadian Anthem

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwDvF0NtgdU The English translation of the lyric happened two years before Robert Stanley Weir penned an English version, which is not a translation of the French. Weir's words have been revised twice, taking their present form in 1980, but the French lyrics remain unaltered. "O Canada" was not officially Canada's national anthem until 1980, when it was signed into law on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations.
 * //O Canada//** is the national anthem of Canada . The song was originally commissioned by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, the Honorable Theodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony. Calixa Lavallée wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier . The text was originally only in French, before it was translated to English in 1906.

The Famous Five Five women from Alberta are responsible for changing the definition of ‘person’ to include women. The ‘ Famous Five ’ first asked the Supreme Court of Canada to answer the question “Does the word 'person' in the //British North America Act// include female persons?”

St. Michael’s College Crests

The University of Toronto and Old World Stone have a close, long-lasting working relationship with one another. When St. Michaels’s College required their college crests to be carved, they knew who to call upon. Yet again, another fine example of our banker masons at work crafting the traditional school crests for students and alumni to be proud of this prestigious college within the University of Toronto.  Argyll Pavilion On September 13th, 1903 the 9lst Regiment, Canadian Highlanders was formed. Now known as the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's), the regiment is celebrating a century of service and sacrifice. Among their festivities, the Argylls are honoring the thousands of soldiers who have served their country and the city that has been their home with the construction of a pavilion that shall stand alone at the Pier 4 Park in Hamilton, Ontario. Millennium Stone A ten-year dream for local stonemason and entrepreneur John Bridges was unveiled on September 26th, 1999. Erected at the entrance to Summit Restoration Ltd. Old World Stone on Heritage Road in Burlington, the 20-tonne limestone monument depicts humankind’s most significant achievements and several outstanding figures of the 20th century. Originally a 30-tonne block of Indiana limestone, the 9-ft. stone was first cut into a mushroom cloud shape, to symbolize the splitting of the atom. Naval Monument Created by Old World Stone for the Burlington Chapter of the Royal Canadian Naval Association, this monument commemorates all of the ships and seamen who served in World War II.

Veteran’s Memorial

The design features a temple with the inscription "DEDICATED TO THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO SERVED IN THE, NAVY, ARMY, AIR FORCE AND MERCHANT NAVY". A dedication was also inscribed on the limestone retaining wall.

National Steel Car In 1911, National Steel Car Limited opened its Hamilton Plant to produce rail cars, and since that time has employed many thousands of Hamiltonians. This memorial commemorates the lives of 87 employees that went to war and lost their lives during World Wars I and II and during the Korean War.

Gore Park Fountain

In 1850 the Bank of British North America donated a fountain for the centre of Gore Park as a symbol of the City's progressive nature in time for H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to dedicate it.


 * Lindsay Hiltunen's Artifact Bag**



** The Constitution Act of, 1982 ** This Act was Canada’s way of making the constitution more patriotic, through the use of several amendments to the British North America Act, 1867. This Act was put into effect on April 17, 1982.



** The Royal Proclamation of 1763 ** The Royal Proclamation was issued on October 7, 1763. The Proclamation was to organize the North American empire and to make better relationships with the Native North Americans.



** Maple Leaves ** The Maple Leaf is one of Canada’s most well known symbols and dates back as far as the 1700’s.






 * Time for Kids Around the World:** **Canada**

[] On this site students would be able to take their own virtual trip to Canada and learn many interesting facts about the country. You can also send your family members an e-postcard from the trip.




 * Canadian ****Parliament **

media type="youtube" key="Uwn_0nonIa0" height="344" width="425" [] This Youtube video has a picture of the Canadian flag and the Canadian National Anthem “O Canada” is playing in the background. This video also includes the lyrics of the national anthem which is great for students to follow along.

Money in Canada is made by two different governmental agencies. Notes (paper currency) are produced by the Bank of Canada. Coins are produced by the Royal Canadian Mint. Compared to the United States, Canada's money is very colorful and the US also has fewer bills.



This is a maple leaf that came from a maple tree; the leaf is a popular Canadian symbol and is displayed on the national flag. Although Canada's flag did not always show it, the maple leaf has long been a popular symbol for Canadians. According to Canadian Heritage, the Jean-Baptiste Society adopted the maple leaf as its official symbol when it was founded on June 24, 1834. The maple leaf was worn by Canadian-born citizens on August 1, 1860 when the Prince of Wales made his first official royal visit to Canada. In 1914, Canadian soldiers used the maple leaf on their badges, taking this symbol overseas during World War I. The same happened in 1939 during World War II when the maple leaf was displayed not only on badges, but also on military and naval equipment. This hockey stick represents Canada’s national sport. Hockey is a national pastime and the most popular playing and spectator sport in the country. Canada has franchises in the National Hockey League and there are more Canadian players in the league than from all other countries combined.



The history of the Canada totem pole goes back for generations. Totem poles are monumental sculptures carved from large trees, usually cedar, but mostly Western Red Cedar, by cultures of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. The word "totem" is derived from the Ojibwe word //odoodem//, "his kinship group.” It was intended to have each figure represent a meaning. Overall, a totem pole told a real life or mythical story.

Mekeisha's Artifact Bag

Artifact Bag Canadian Currency:

1 Canadian dollar = 0.92885 U.S. dollars Lumber- One of Canada's leading exports

Aluminum- One of Canada's leading exports



Petroleum- Another one of Canada's leading exports and natural resource (Petroleum refinery pictured)



Car Parts- Leading export from Canada to US